9. The scalar product
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By definition of the scalar product, u·v = |u||v| cos , where is the angle between u and v. If = 90° then cos = 0. Given two non-zero vectors u and v
If u = u1i + u2j + u3k and v = v1i + v2j + v3k are given in Cartesian form then the above reads
For vectors in the plane drop the third terms.
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